The dismantling of border facilities and -controls within the EU is reversible, at least theoretically. The infrastructure at most former border stations is still intact, so controls could be reinstated at the shortest notice. On the administrative level, the frontiers are still intact. From this perspective, the possibility of a new national border between Catalonia and Spain is perhaps less of a radical undermining of European tendencies than it originally appeared to be. Essentially, changes in the region would only be administrative ones in Brussels. There are other questions, however: Do shifting boundaries within Europe concern problems of cultural identity or of economic advantage, and who will give directives for the cultural regions? A referendum on the independence of Catalonia, planned for autumn 2014, was recently stopped by Madrid once again. But will a blow with the sickle help?